For example, blocking the binding of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) to its receptor (CSF-1R) expressed on monocytes/macrophages with an anti-CSF-1R antibody, Emactuzumab, reduced the number of infiltrated TAMs and increased the CD8+/CD4+ T cell ratio in mouse models for cancer [13]. The gene discussed is CSF1; the disease is cancer.