During pulmonary metastasis, platelet-derived TGF-β synergizes with thrombin-activated platelet/tumor cell complexes and stimulates TGF-β/Smad and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways, leading to the transition to invasive mesenchymal-like phenotype and enhanced metastasis in vivo [99]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to neoplasm.