Interestingly, epigenetic mechanisms have been recently shown to contribute to survivin dysregulation in human cancers, including either aberrant hypo- or hyper-methylation of the survivin promoter or altered survivin protein translation or mRNA degradation by binding of miRNAs to the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of survivin mRNA, thus justifying the investigation of survivin-targeted therapy for cancer treatment [163,164,165]. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and cancer.