Figure 5b shows the volcano plot, representing the log transformed p values for each cytokine (TGFB, IFNG, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-5) with respect to the rank difference between healthy and T2D group indicated that IFNG and TGFB (in red) were the only two cytokines significantly upregulated in non-obese T2D individuals compared to control group (Fig. 5b). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.