When grouping cancer genes into canonical cancer pathways (Extended Data Fig. 8a), mutations in the SWI–SNF complex (for example, SMARCA4, ARID1B and SMARCB1) and certain members of the NOTCH signalling pathway (for example, EP300 and NCOR1) were under significant subclonal, but not truncal, selection in LUAD. Here, NCOR1 is linked to cancer.