TNF and neoplasm: TOX knockdown significantly alleviated exhaustion, increased TILs with upregulated IFN-γ and TNF-α, and maximized anti-PD-1 effectiveness in HCC PDX, proposing a new possibility of combination therapy.207 More interestingly, relieving tumor hypoxia by delivering exogenous H2O2 and catalase loaded within liposomes significantly reversed immunosuppressive TME and enhanced immunotherapy.208 Such a relatively simple and safe treatment opens a new direction for tumor therapy and is promising in translational medicine.