D1A and Y6A CAR-T cells exhibited greater selectivity towards EpCAMhigh tumors than UBS54 CAR-T cells, as demonstrated by their equivalent cytotoxicity against EpCAMhigh targets (SNU-638 and HT-29) compared to UBS54, but with no detectable reactivity against the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line that has low-density EpCAM expression (Fig. 1d). Here, EPCAM is linked to neoplasm.