Previous work in our lab demonstrated that PIM1 is upregulated in hypoxia, independent of HIF-1 signaling (Chen et al., 2009; Warfel and Kraft, 2015), and treatment with a small-molecule PIM inhibitor reduces tumor metastasis in orthotopic models of prostate and colon cancer (Casillas et al., 2018). Here, PIM1 is linked to neoplasm.