Based on a systematic review and the present study, a total of 62 WFS1 variants causing DFNA6/14/38 or wolfram-like syndrome were identified (Table 3): 7 were in the N-terminal cytoplasmic domain, 12 were in the transmembrane domain, and 43 were in the C-terminal ER luminal domain. Here, WFS1 is linked to Wolfram-like syndrome.