Imaging data also suggested that patients in cluster 2 had greater tumor necrosis and shrinkage after PD-1 treatment (Fig. 7H), and multiplex immunofluorescence staining showed more immune cell infiltrations in cluster 2 after treatment, including cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+) and M1 macrophages cells (CD68+CD86+) (Fig. 7I). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.