CXXC5 and infection: Tfh2 and Tfh17 cells could induce naive B cell differentiation more efficiently after infection, which in turn leads to differentiation of antigen-specific B cells into plasma and memory cells that produce antibodies to neutralize and clear pathogens (36).To research the immune response mechanism of Tfh subpopulations after infection with E. granulosus, we analyzed the top 10 highly expressed genes and found that Tfh2 specifically overexpressed Cxxc5 and Spock2 genes (Fig. 4C).