Importantly, several S1PR1 modulators (e.g. Fingolimod, also known as FTY720, Siponimod, Ozanimod, and Etrasimod), have been approved for treating the autoimmune diseases multiple sclerosis and ulcerative colitis (Brinkmann et al., 2010; Chun et al., 2021; Dal Buono et al., 2022; Kappos et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene S1PR1 and autoimmune disease.