NELL1 and craniosynostosis: In addition, based on Neural EGFL-like 1 (Nell1) as an exocrine protein associated with craniosynostosis to promote the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, Lan et al. modified BMSC-derived cells with Nell1 gene extracellular vesicles (Nell1/EVs), constructing an extracellular vesicle-hydrogel composite system (3D-Nell1/EV-hydrogel system) [119].