Compared to patients without axial involvement, patients with axial involvement (defined by either criterion) treated with upadacitinib 15 mg had lower rates of any serious adverse event or any infection, but higher rates of hepatic disorder and anemia in the non-bDMARD-IR population (Table 2), while lower rates of hepatic disorder, but higher rates of opportunistic infection, creatine phosphokinase (CPK) elevation, any malignancy, and malignancy excluding non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the bDMARD-IR population (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene PIK3C2A and infection.