The MRS therefore provides unique functional information to complement standard MRI demonstrating anatomy.16 The mutant IDH enzyme confers a gain-of-function to further convert α-ketoglutarate into 2HG, leading to up to 10x increases in 2HG in IDH-mutant tumor cells against minimal background levels of 2HG in IDH-wildtype tumor cells and normal cells.19 The 2HG oncometabolite has five non-exchangeable, J-coupled proton resonances that may be measured using widely-available clinical 3T MRI scanners. This evidence concerns the gene IDH2 and neoplasm.