TNF and neoplasm: For instance, the tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 10 (TNFSF10), also known as TRAIL, encodes a cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family, it preferentially induces apoptosis in transformed and tumor cells and was proposed as a prognostic indicator of PC (Wang et al., 2021; Wang et al., 2022).