PAPS and SAPS share the expression of genes involved in the type 1 interferon signature, inflammation and atherosclerosis (10), whereas PAPS differs from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity (10, 18, 19). The gene discussed is SKAP2; the disease is systemic lupus erythematosus.