The genes identified in all four subgroups were RFTN1, C1orf103, FKBP1B, COL25A1, NPDC1, B3GNT1, FOXN3, RNASEH2C, TLE1, and PHF17. Of these, RFTN1, COL25A1, TLE1, and RNASEH2C have been found to have sex differences in methylation in leukocytes (22), which are known to impact tumor maintenance (23) and be regulated by sex hormones (24, 25). The gene discussed is NPDC1; the disease is neoplasm.