AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: Multivariate analysis model 2 (variables: BCLC stage, serum AFP, and age) showed that BCLC stage D (HR = 5.155, P < 0.001) and serum AFP level ≥ 1,000 ng/mL (HR, 1.532; P < 0.001) were associated with worse survival outcomes in untreated patients with HCC (Table 3).