On the other hand, it stimulates phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding protein (pCREB) through the inosine-A2AR-cAMP-PKA signaling pathway, upregulates IL-12Rβ2 and IFN-γ transcription, and promotes the differentiation and accumulation of Th1 cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), thus enhancing the potency of ICI (122). Here, IFNG is linked to neoplasm.