In an in vitro model of NSCLC, although radiotherapy impeded the proliferation, migrative, and invasive capacity of CAF (60), CAF can survive ionizing radiation and continue supporting cancer cells recovery by inducing autophagy through the production of insulin-like growth factors-1/2 (IGF1/2) and CXCL12, subsequently promoting tumor recurrence (61, 62). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is cancer.