MCP‐1 is expressed in great abundance by visceral fat and implicated in CVD; MCP‐1 is released by macrophages and endothelial cells and recruits pro‐inflammatory cells.84Plasma levels of MCP‐1 are observed to be raised in CKD and negatively associate with GFR and is independent as a risk factor for death in CKD patients.85 Here, CCL2 is linked to chronic kidney disease.