IL‐6 is linked to greater CKD status, higher cystatin‐C, UACR and is implicated in both acute and long‐term inflammation. It is also associated with greater risk of incident CKD and raised in patients with kidney disease.77, 81High levels of IL‐6 contribute to raised serum levels of fibroblast growth factor 23, which is found raised early in CKD and is associated with greater morbidity and mortality, and is linked to inflammatory processes.82, 83. This evidence concerns the gene FGF23 and chronic kidney disease.