Anti-PD-1 drugs, such as pembrolizumab (8, 9) and nivolumab (10, 11), and anti-PDL1 antibodies such as atezolizumab (2) and durvalumab (12), act by preventing T-cell PD1/PD-L1 interaction, leading to restoration of T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity (13). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.