Upstream modulators of the TGF-β1/Smad pathway, including activating transcription factor 3 (174), CR6-interacting factor 1 (175), NLR family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5) (176), and nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (NR3C1), are overexpressed in keloid fibroblasts. Here, NLRC5 is linked to keloid.