As seen by gene expression analysis of ALS astrocytes versus protective astrocytes, multiple genes appear opposite (65), signaling pathway analysis revealed that inflammatory pathways such as JAK-STAT, NF-kB and TNF are significantly increased in mouse ALS models, but C1q is able to inhibit the activation of these inflammatory pathways in phagocytes (101–103). Here, TNF is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.