CD274 and cancer: Strikingly, our data indicate that sterile extensive hepatectomy (3) and septic CASP-model surgery (1, 2) share 21 KO MyD88-associated target TPKO signaling pathways, including the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, the NFκB signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, alongside the pathways of bacterial, viral and parasitic infections (see Table 2; Supplementary Table S7).