Compared with CKD patients with low serum SP levels, those with high serum SP levels displayed worse renal function as indicated by elevated levels of serum creatinine (Scr, p = 0.003), blood urea nitrogen (BUN, p = 0.012), Cys C (p = 0.0011) and decreased eGFR (p = 0.008) (Figure 1F). This evidence concerns the gene TFF2 and chronic kidney disease.