Compared to CKD patients with low NK-1R expression, CKD patients with high NK-1R expression had lower hemoglobin (Hb, p = 0.023) levels, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR, p=0.035), and increased serum cystatin c (Cys C, p = 0.043) levels (Figure 1D). This evidence concerns the gene CST3 and chronic kidney disease.