Diabetes induced a significant increase in GFAP+ percent immunoreactive area in CX3CR1-WT (47.64 ± 5.179, 2-way ANOVA P<0.0001) and CX3CR1-KO (49.60 ± 4.794, 2-way ANOVA P<0.0001) mice in comparison to ND controls, (CX3CR1-WT 29.969 ± 3.127 and CX3CR1-KO 30.325 ± 2.976; Figures 4B, D). The gene discussed is CX3CR1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.