TNF and inflammatory bowel disease: Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) can block the transcription of NF-κB activation and upstream of mediated I kappa B kinase complex pathway activities, inhibit the invasion of cytokines and the synthesis of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), further downregulate endotoxin-mediated TNF-α production to treat IBD and its complications (Rahman et al., 2018).