Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) and weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the levels of afamin in different groups.<h4>Results</h4>Eleven studies were included in our analysis (N = 3047 participants: 1195 GDM, 1407 non-GDM, 195 PE, and 250 non-PE). Here, AFM is linked to gestational diabetes.