AFM and gestational diabetes: The plasma afamin levels of pregnant women with PE in the first trimester (SMD = 0.808, 95% CI: 0.558-1.059) and second/third trimesters (SMD = 0.904, 95% CI: 0.570-1.239) were significantly higher than those in healthy pregnant women.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The plasma afamin levels in pregnant women with GDM in the first trimester were significantly higher than those in healthy pregnant women, but the analysis showed the opposite results in the second and third trimesters.