Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues or incretin mimetics are commonly used as anti-obesogenic or anti-diabetic drugs (26, 27), and the GLP-1 analogue, exenatide, has been shown to prevent or attenuate obesity-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the heart (28). Here, GCG is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.