In addition to upregulated expression of fibronectin in myofibroblasts and macrophages, mutations of the gene can also contribute to CKD progression: inherited mutations drive fibronectin glomerulopathy and lead to abnormal deposition of fibronectin in the tubular interstitium that can progress to end stage renal failure [34,35]. This evidence concerns the gene FN1 and stage 5 chronic kidney disease.