MAPK8 and filariasis: In addition, MAPK, FGFR, SOS, and JNK, all in the top 1% nodes of the nematode and each of them connected to overlapping sets of Wolbachia genes, are part of MAPK signaling pathways, which are generally known to control cell proliferation (Avruch et al., 2001) and have roles in pro-inflammatory pathogenesis in patients with filariasis (Babu et al., 2011).