Each relapse AML sample showed over-representation of over- and under-expressed DEGs in TFs, drug-resistance genes, cancer-mutated genes (oncogenes and TSGs) (Fig. 3a) and several cancer-related pathways (mTOR, MAPK, ErbB, FoxO, TNF and HIF-1 signaling, apoptosis) (Supplementary Fig. 20). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and acute myeloid leukemia.