Accordingly, in comparison with NPTyr-CXCL9 and NPTyr-αPD-L1 groups, the number of CD3+ T cells in NPTyr-C9AP-treated melanoma were significantly increased to 1.87 × 106 cells per gram tumor, verifying the synergistic effect of CXCL9 and αPD-L1 (Fig. 5b). Here, CXCL9 is linked to melanoma.