As shown in Fig. 5a and Supplementary Fig. 18, NPTyr-CXCL9 increased the tumor-infiltrating CD3+ T cells to 10.4% of CD45+ lymphocytes by CXCL9-mediated T-cell recruitment, while NPTyr-αPD-L1 increased the tumor-infiltrating CD3+ T cells to 8.9% of CD45+ lymphocytes by αPD-L1-enhanced T-cell activation. Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.