Hsu et al. [31] found that people with schizophrenia and co-existing kidney failure had a lower chance of receiving an appointment with a nephrologist (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.8, P < 0.001), of receiving an erythropoietin prescription (OR = 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9, P < 0.05), and were more likely to be hospitalised within the first year of commencing dialysis (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–1.8, P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene EPO and schizophrenia.