Consistent with higher levels of P16 expression, levels of gene expression for our top biomarkers including CCL11 (eotaxin), CCL17 (TARC), CCL18 (PARC), CCL22 (MDC), GDF15, and MMP7 were also significantly higher in lung biospecimens from IPF compared to control participants (all p < 0.001) (Fig. 7). The gene discussed is CDKN2A; the disease is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.