S100A4 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which is characterized by pulmonary vessels’ remodeling and a persistent increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance, is a complex pulmonary vasculature disease with poor prognosis.[54,55] EMT was considered as a critical process in PAH etiology.[56] Thus, some factors implicated in EMT, including S100A4, have been verified to be associated with PAH.