TF binds to the complex activator Factor IX and Factor X of Factor VIIa, resulting in the formation of thrombin.[54] Tumor suppressor is an important cytokine secreted by macrophages, which has been proved to promote the progress of inflammatory response, induce atrial intimal smooth muscle cells in AF patients to secrete TF and inhibit the expression of TF pathway inhibitors, so as to increase the activity of exogenous thrombin and eventually lead to thrombosis.[53] It is reported that endothelial progenitor cells can promote the recanalization of thrombosis. The gene discussed is TF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.