ACTR2 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Worldwide, head and neck cancer is the sixth most common malignancy in the world, with an annual incidence of 830,000 new cases and around 430,000 deaths each year.[44] Kinoshita et al[45] discovered that the ARP2/3 complex’s subunit 5 (ARPC5) was expressed at significantly higher levels in HNSCC tissues than in normal tissues, contributing to cancer cell migration and invasion.