Pullulan is a water‐soluble, nontoxic, nonimmunogenic, nonmutagenic, and noncarcinogenic polysaccharide that has a specific affinity for the overexpressed ASGPR on HCC.[38] A pullulan‐modified nanoparticle to target HCC through the combination of photothermal/photodynamic and chemotherapy was developed by using IR780 and paclitaxel dual cargo‐loaded nanoparticles.[39] The targeting ability of pullulan was evaluated using a fluorescence photosensitizer (IR780) in PDFI, demonstrating that the cellular uptake of pullulan‐modified nanoparticles was better than that of pullulan‐free nanoparticles. The gene discussed is ASGR1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.