CRC is one of the most common types of malignant tumors in humans, with 151 030 estimated new cases of colorectal cancer and 52 580 deaths in the United States alone in 2022, and its incidence is increasing especially among young adults.[136] Since the intestinal microflora is in direct contact with the colonic cells, the enzymes of the bacterial microflora may play a pivotal role in colon carcinogenesis.[137] Therefore, enzymes produced by colonic anaerobic microflora, such as azoreductases, could serve as targets to improve the selectivity for colorectal cancer. The gene discussed is NQO1; the disease is colorectal cancer.