Additionally, genes associated with antimicrobial defense mechanisms, including alarmins (S100A9, S100A12) and pattern recognition receptors (LBP, and NOD2), were up-regulated in the COVID-19(+) TV group compared to the COVID-19(-) PU control group, while suppressed in the COVID-19(+) PU group. This evidence concerns the gene S100A9 and COVID-19.