Select genes that were highly expressed in COVID-19(+) TV specimens compared to COVID-19(+) PU and COVID-19(-) PU control groups play a central role in regulation of innate immune responses and defense to viral infection, including CARD8, IL1A, CD274, TRIM35, IRF7, and IFIH1 (Figure 3C). This evidence concerns the gene IFIH1 and viral infectious disease.