Select genes that were highly expressed in COVID-19(+) TV specimens compared to COVID-19(+) PU and COVID-19(-) PU control groups play a central role in regulation of innate immune responses and defense to viral infection, including CARD8, IL1A, CD274, TRIM35, IRF7, and IFIH1 (Figure 3C). The gene discussed is IL1A; the disease is COVID-19.