Reports from Goldberg et al, Long et al, and Flippot et al examined the use of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in the treatment of BM from melanoma, NSCLC and RCC.9–11 The authors reported overall intracranial response rates of 12–29.7 % from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.