Capocciet al. 2015 concluded that for the UK, only strategies targeting LTBI screening to higher risk PLWH (as defined by NICE and BHIVA guidelines) were cost-effective in 2000–2005, but these strategies became more expensive (likely due to increased ART coverage and/or proportionally fewer PLWH from high TB incidence countries), so by 2005–2010 only the BHIVA targeting strategy (higher-risk PLWH defined by country of origin, CD4 count and ART duration) was cost-effective25. Here, CD4 is linked to tuberculosis.