S-100β has been found to be significantly elevated in the serum of patients who have experienced or are experiencing delirium (Khan et al., 2021), suggesting that there might be a close relationship between delirium and nerve injury and that factors such as surgery, hemorrhage, anesthetic drugs, and perioperative hypoperfusion might cause cerebral injury and contribute to the development of delirium. This evidence concerns the gene S100B and delirium.