In a study of 56,997 cancer survivors in the overall WHI, use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor-blockers was associated with 2.24-fold risk of total cardiac events, and a 1.87-fold increase in heart failure (HF) risk compared to use of beta-blockers; however, these findings were only seen among women with cancer (36). The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is cancer.