Wang et al. subsequently demonstrated that administration of nanoparticles containing inhibitory compounds was found to target both the innate and adaptive immune system by reducing the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells via JQ1, polarizing macrophages to M1, suppressing regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration, enhancing CD8+ T cell presence and activity at the tumor site using mouse models (Wang et al., 2022). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is cancer.