LEP and gestational diabetes: They could show not only a higher mean epigenetic age in GDM group than in the non-GDM one, but also that among the biomarkers evaluated (leptin, HOMA IR, HDL C, fasting glucose), a statistically significant association was registered between HDL-C and epigenetic age acceleration residuals for the Hannum clock (p = 0.0063) in GDM mothers (Kanney et al., 2022).