ISG15 and neoplasm: Interferon-stimulated gene-15 (ISG15) encodes a ubiquitin-like protein expressed in many vertebrate cell types, including monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, epithelial-derived cell lines, fibroblasts, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and some tumor cells (Knight and Cordova, 1991; Zhang and Zhang, 2011; Colonne et al., 2011; Bogunovic et al., 2012; Rahnefeld et al., 2014; Tecalco Cruz and Mejia-Barreto, 2017; Albert et al., 2018; Gonzalez-Amor et al., 2022).