TUSC3 and colonic neoplasm: Current studies suggest that CCAT 1 induces CRC cell proliferation through upregulating oncoproteins c-MYC and oncogenic mRNA tumor suppressor candidate 3 (TUSC3), the target of miR-181b-5p in CRC cells (24, 49); enhances glucose metabolism to provide energy supply for the growth of colon cancer cells (78); facilitates CRC cell migration and invasion through accelerating EMT process and negatively modulate miR-218 as well as hsa-miR-4679 (67, 69), and lastly inhibits colon cancer cell apoptosis by sponging miR-181a-5p (Table 2) (47).